09/06/2014

PostgreSQL 설치.

PostgreSQL 은 인기있는 오픈소스 데이터베이스 시스템 입니다. PostgreSQL 9.0 으로 넘어오면서 ‘Hot Stand by Replication’ 기능을 제공하게 되는등 많은 변화가 있었습니다.

이 문서는 CentOS 7 배포판에서 PostgreSQL 설치에 대한 것입니다.

1. 준비

다음의 패키지가 설치되어 있어야 합니다.

yum install gcc.x86_64 gcc-c++.x86_64 wget.x86_64 bzip2-devel.x86_64 pkgconfig.x86_64 openssl-devel.x86_64 make.x86_64 man.x86_64 nasm.x86_64 gmp.x86_64 gdbm-devel.x86_64 readline-devel.x86_64 compat-readline43.x86_64 ncurses-devel.x86_64 db4-devel.x86_64 automake* autoconf* pcre-devel.x86_64 -y

1	yum install gcc.x86_64 gcc-c++.x86_64 wget.x86_64 bzip2-devel.x86_64 pkgconfig.x86_64 openssl-devel.x86_64 make.x86_64 man.x86_64 nasm.x86_64 gmp.x86_64 gdbm-devel.x86_64 readline-devel.x86_64 compat-readline43.x86_64 ncurses-devel.x86_64 db4-devel.x86_64 automake* autoconf* pcre-devel.x86_64 -y

2. Download and Unpack

cd /usr/src
wget http://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v9.4beta2/postgresql-9.4beta2.tar.bz2
tar xjf postgresql-9.4beta2.tar.bz2
cd postgresql-9.4beta2

cd /usr/src

wget http://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v9.4beta2/postgresql-9.4beta2.tar.bz2

tar xjf postgresql-9.4beta2.tar.bz2

cd postgresql-9.4beta2

3. Configure and Compile and Install

필요한 기능이 무엇인지를 고민해 봅시다. 많은 기능들을 제공하지만 대략적으로 다음과 같은 기능을 제공하는 것이 좋습니다.

plpython => python-devel.x86_64
pltcl => tcl-devel.x86_64
plperf => perl-devel.x86_64
ssl => openssl-devel.x86_64
pam => pam-devel.x86_64
kerberos => krb5-devel.x86_64 e2fsprogs-devel.x86_64
nls => gettext-devel.x86_64
xml => libxml2-devel.x86_64 libxslt-devel.x86_64
ldap => openldap-devel.x86_64

PostgreSQL 9.x 를 설치하는데 있어서 필요한 기능이 무엇인지를 먼저 생각해야 합니다. 각 기능에 대한 것은 각각 홈페이지를 참고하세요.

필요한 패키지를 설치 합니다.

yum install -y zlib-devel.x86_64 bison.x86_64 flex.x86_64

1	yum install -y zlib-devel.x86_64 bison.x86_64 flex.x86_64

그리고 기능을 위한 패키지를 설치 합니다.

yum install -y tcl-devel.x86_64 perl-devel.x86_64 openssl-devel.x86_64 pam-devel.x86_64 krb5-devel.x86_64 e2fsprogs-devel.x86_64 gettext-devel.x86_64 libxml2-devel.x86_64 libxslt-devel.x86_64 perl-ExtUtils-Embed.noarch python-devel.x86_64

1	yum install -y tcl-devel.x86_64 perl-devel.x86_64 openssl-devel.x86_64 pam-devel.x86_64 krb5-devel.x86_64 e2fsprogs-devel.x86_64 gettext-devel.x86_64 libxml2-devel.x86_64 libxslt-devel.x86_64 perl-ExtUtils-Embed.noarch python-devel.x86_64

Compile option 을 다음과 같이 지정합니다.

export CPPFLAGS=' -I/usr/include/et'
export CFLAGS='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=k8 -I/usr/include/et -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE'
export CXXFLAGS='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=k8 -I/usr/include/et -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE'
export LIBNAME=lib64
export PYTHON=/usr/bin/python

export CPPFLAGS=' -I/usr/include/et'

export CFLAGS='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=k8 -I/usr/include/et -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE'

export CXXFLAGS='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=k8 -I/usr/include/et -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE'

export LIBNAME=lib64

export PYTHON=/usr/bin/python

mtune 을 자신의 CPU 에 맞게끔 수정해야 합니다. 자세한 사항은 여기(GCC Optimization)를 참고 하세요.

Configure를 다음과 같이 실행하고 컴파일을 합니다.

./configure \
--disable-rpath \
--prefix=/usr/local/pgsql9.4 \
--with-perl \
--with-python \
--with-tcl \
--with-tclconfig=/usr/lib64 \
--with-openssl \
--with-pam \
--with-gssapi \
--with-includes=/usr/include \
--with-libraries=/usr/lib64 \
--enable-nls --enable-profiling \
--disable-thread-safety \
--with-libxml \
--with-libxslt \
--with-system-tzdata=/usr/share/zoneinfo \
--sysconfdir=/etc/sysconfig/pgsql

make world
#tutorial compile
sed "s|C=`pwd`;|C=/usr/local/pgsql9.4/lib/tutorial;|" < src/tutorial/Makefile > src/tutorial/GNUmakefile
make -C src/tutorial NO_PGXS=1 all

make install
make -C contrib install
mkdir /usr/local/pgsql9.4/share/man
mv doc/src/sgml/man1 doc/src/sgml/man3 doc/src/sgml/man7 /usr/local/pgsql9.4/share/man/

./configure \

--disable-rpath \

--prefix=/usr/local/pgsql9.4 \

--with-perl \

--with-python \

--with-tcl \

--with-tclconfig=/usr/lib64 \

--with-openssl \

--with-pam \

--with-gssapi \

--with-includes=/usr/include \

--with-libraries=/usr/lib64 \

--enable-nls --enable-profiling \

--disable-thread-safety \

--with-libxml \

--with-libxslt \

--with-system-tzdata=/usr/share/zoneinfo \

--sysconfdir=/etc/sysconfig/pgsql

make world

#tutorial compile

sed "s|C=`pwd`;|C=/usr/local/pgsql9.4/lib/tutorial;|" < src/tutorial/Makefile > src/tutorial/GNUmakefile

make -C src/tutorial NO_PGXS=1 all

make install

make -C contrib install

mkdir /usr/local/pgsql9.4/share/man

mv doc/src/sgml/man1 doc/src/sgml/man3 doc/src/sgml/man7 /usr/local/pgsql9.4/share/man/

4. 후속작업

PostgreSQL 9.x 를 시스템에 이식시키기 위해서 다음과 같은 과정을 진행해 줍니다.

PostgreSQL 시스템 계정 추가

export PGPREFIX=/usr/local/pgsql9.4
groupadd -g 26 -o -r postgres
useradd -M -n -g postgres -o -r -d $PGPREFIX -s /bin/bash -c "PostgreSQL Server" -u 26 postgres
chown postgres $PGPREFIX

export PGPREFIX=/usr/local/pgsql9.4

groupadd -g 26 -o -r postgres

useradd -M -n -g postgres -o -r -d $PGPREFIX -s /bin/bash -c "PostgreSQL Server" -u 26 postgres

chown postgres $PGPREFIX

initdb 실행

export PGDATA=/usr/local/pgsql9.4/data
su -l postgres -c "/usr/local/pgsql9.4/bin/initdb -E UTF-8 --locale=ko_KR.UTF-8 --lc-collate=ko_KR.UTF-8 --pgdata='$PGDATA' "

1 2	export PGDATA=/usr/local/pgsql9.4/data su -l postgres -c "/usr/local/pgsql9.4/bin/initdb -E UTF-8 --locale=ko_KR.UTF-8 --lc-collate=ko_KR.UTF-8 --pgdata='$PGDATA' "

Pam 설정

]# vi /etc/pam.d/postgresql
#%PAM-1.0
auth            include         system-auth
account         include         system-auth

]# vi /etc/pam.d/postgresql

#%PAM-1.0

auth include system-auth

account include system-auth

ldconfig 라이브러리 추가

echo "/usr/local/pgsql9.4/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/postgresql.conf
ldconfig

1 2	echo "/usr/local/pgsql9.4/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/postgresql.conf ldconfig

lib64 심볼릭 링크

php와 같은 프로그램들은 설치시에 ‘/usr/lib64’ 와 같은 라이브러리 디렉토리를 검색합니다. 따라서 pgsql9.4의 lib 디렉토리를 lib64 심볼릭 링크를 만들어 줍니다.

cd /usr/local/pgsql9.4
ln -s lib lib64

1 2	cd /usr/local/pgsql9.4 ln -s lib lib64

Systemd 설정

CentOS 7 부터는 initscript 가 아닌 systemd 를 이용해 데몬 서비스들을 관리 합니다. 먼저 systemd 에 등록을 위한 파일을 다음과 같이 작성 합니다.

postgresql.service 파일

# It's not recommended to modify this file in-place, because it will be
# overwritten during package upgrades.  If you want to customize, the
# best way is to create a file "/etc/systemd/system/postgresql.service",
# containing
#       .include /lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service
#       ...make your changes here...
# For more info about custom unit files, see
# http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd#How_do_I_customize_a_unit_file.2F_add_a_custom_unit_file.3F

# For example, if you want to change the server's port number to 5433,
# create a file named "/etc/systemd/system/postgresql.service" containing:
#       .include /lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service
#       [Service]
#       Environment=PGPORT=5433
# This will override the setting appearing below.

# Note: changing PGPORT or PGDATA will typically require adjusting SELinux
# configuration as well; see /usr/share/doc/postgresql-*/README.rpm-dist.

# Note: do not use a PGDATA pathname containing spaces, or you will
# break postgresql-setup.

# Note: in F-17 and beyond, /usr/lib/... is recommended in the .include line
# though /lib/... will still work.

[Unit]
Description=PostgreSQL database server
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking

User=postgres
Group=postgres

# Port number for server to listen on
Environment=PGPORT=5432

# Location of database directory
Environment=PGDATA=/usr/local/pgsql9.4/data

# Where to send early-startup messages from the server (before the logging
# options of postgresql.conf take effect)
# This is normally controlled by the global default set by systemd
# StandardOutput=syslog

# Disable OOM kill on the postmaster
OOMScoreAdjust=-1000

ExecStartPre=/usr/local/pgsql9.4/bin/postgresql-check-db-dir ${PGDATA}
ExecStart=/usr/local/pgsql9.4/bin/pg_ctl start -D ${PGDATA} -s -o "-p ${PGPORT}" -w -t 300
ExecStop=/usr/local/pgsql9.4/bin/pg_ctl stop -D ${PGDATA} -s -m fast
ExecReload=/usr/local/pgsql9.4/bin/pg_ctl reload -D ${PGDATA} -s

# Give a reasonable amount of time for the server to start up/shut down
TimeoutSec=300

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

# It's not recommended to modify this file in-place, because it will be

# overwritten during package upgrades. If you want to customize, the

# best way is to create a file "/etc/systemd/system/postgresql.service",

# containing

# .include /lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service

# ...make your changes here...

# For more info about custom unit files, see

# http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd#How_do_I_customize_a_unit_file.2F_add_a_custom_unit_file.3F

# For example, if you want to change the server's port number to 5433,

# create a file named "/etc/systemd/system/postgresql.service" containing:

# .include /lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service

# [Service]

# Environment=PGPORT=5433

# This will override the setting appearing below.

# Note: changing PGPORT or PGDATA will typically require adjusting SELinux

# configuration as well; see /usr/share/doc/postgresql-*/README.rpm-dist.

# Note: do not use a PGDATA pathname containing spaces, or you will

# break postgresql-setup.

# Note: in F-17 and beyond, /usr/lib/... is recommended in the .include line

# though /lib/... will still work.

[Unit]

Description=PostgreSQL database server

After=network.target

[Service]

Type=forking

User=postgres

Group=postgres

# Port number for server to listen on

Environment=PGPORT=5432

# Location of database directory

Environment=PGDATA=/usr/local/pgsql9.4/data

# Where to send early-startup messages from the server (before the logging

# options of postgresql.conf take effect)

# This is normally controlled by the global default set by systemd

# StandardOutput=syslog

# Disable OOM kill on the postmaster

OOMScoreAdjust=-1000

ExecStartPre=/usr/local/pgsql9.4/bin/postgresql-check-db-dir ${PGDATA}

ExecStart=/usr/local/pgsql9.4/bin/pg_ctl start -D ${PGDATA} -s -o "-p ${PGPORT}" -w -t 300

ExecStop=/usr/local/pgsql9.4/bin/pg_ctl stop -D ${PGDATA} -s -m fast

ExecReload=/usr/local/pgsql9.4/bin/pg_ctl reload -D ${PGDATA} -s

# Give a reasonable amount of time for the server to start up/shut down

TimeoutSec=300

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

systemd 에 등록할 파일을 위와같이 작성합니다. 작성한 후에 /usr/lib/systemd/system 디렉토리에 복사주고 활성화 해줍니다.

mv postgresql.service /usr/lib/systemd/system

systemctl enable postgresql.service

mv postgresql.service /usr/lib/systemd/system

systemctl enable postgresql.service

그리고 파일 내용에 postgresql-check-db-dir 파일을 호출하는데 이는 다음과 같습니다.

postgresql-check-db-dir 파일.

#!/bin/sh

# This script verifies that the postgresql data directory has been correctly
# initialized.  We do not want to automatically initdb it, because that has
# a risk of catastrophic failure (ie, overwriting a valuable database) in
# corner cases, such as a remotely mounted database on a volume that's a
# bit slow to mount.  But we can at least emit a message advising newbies
# what to do.

PGDATA="$1"

if [ -z "$PGDATA" ]
then
    echo "Usage: $0 database-path"
    exit 1
fi

# PGVERSION is the full package version, e.g., 9.1.2
# Note: the specfile inserts the correct value during package build
PGVERSION=9.4
# PGMAJORVERSION is major version, e.g., 9.1 (this should match PG_VERSION)
PGMAJORVERSION=`echo "$PGVERSION" | sed 's/^\([0-9]*\.[0-9]*\).*$/\1/'`
# PREVMAJORVERSION is the previous major version, e.g., 8.4, for upgrades
# Note: the specfile inserts the correct value during package build
PREVMAJORVERSION=9.4

# Check for the PGDATA structure
if [ -f "$PGDATA/PG_VERSION" ] && [ -d "$PGDATA/base" ]
then
        if [ x`cat "$PGDATA/PG_VERSION"` = x"$PGMAJORVERSION" ]
        then
                : A-OK
        elif [ x`cat "$PGDATA/PG_VERSION"` = x"$PREVMAJORVERSION" ]
        then
                echo $"An old version of the database format was found."
                echo $"You may upgrade to version $PGMAJORVERSION."
                exit 1
        else
                echo $"An old version of the database format was found."
                echo $"You need to dump and reload before using PostgreSQL $PGMAJORVERSION."
                echo $"You may upgrade to version $PGMAJORVERSION."
                exit 1
        fi
else
    # No existing PGDATA! Warn the user to initdb it.
    echo $"\"$PGDATA\" is missing or empty."
    echo $"Use \"initdb\" to initialize the database cluster."
    exit 1
fi

exit 0

#!/bin/sh

# This script verifies that the postgresql data directory has been correctly

# initialized. We do not want to automatically initdb it, because that has

# a risk of catastrophic failure (ie, overwriting a valuable database) in

# corner cases, such as a remotely mounted database on a volume that's a

# bit slow to mount. But we can at least emit a message advising newbies

# what to do.

PGDATA="$1"

if [ -z "$PGDATA" ]

then

echo "Usage: $0 database-path"

exit 1

# PGVERSION is the full package version, e.g., 9.1.2

# Note: the specfile inserts the correct value during package build

PGVERSION=9.4

# PGMAJORVERSION is major version, e.g., 9.1 (this should match PG_VERSION)

PGMAJORVERSION=`echo "$PGVERSION" | sed 's/^$[0-9]*\.[0-9]*$.*$/\1/'`

# PREVMAJORVERSION is the previous major version, e.g., 8.4, for upgrades

# Note: the specfile inserts the correct value during package build

PREVMAJORVERSION=9.4

# Check for the PGDATA structure

if [ -f "$PGDATA/PG_VERSION" ] && [ -d "$PGDATA/base" ]

then

if [ x`cat "$PGDATA/PG_VERSION"` = x"$PGMAJORVERSION" ]

then

: A-OK

elif [ x`cat "$PGDATA/PG_VERSION"` = x"$PREVMAJORVERSION" ]

then

echo $"An old version of the database format was found."

echo $"You may upgrade to version $PGMAJORVERSION."

exit 1

else

echo $"An old version of the database format was found."

echo $"You need to dump and reload before using PostgreSQL $PGMAJORVERSION."

echo $"You may upgrade to version $PGMAJORVERSION."

exit 1

else

# No existing PGDATA! Warn the user to initdb it.

echo $"\"$PGDATA\" is missing or empty."

echo $"Use \"initdb\" to initialize the database cluster."

exit 1

exit 0

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