Tagged: Oracle

Oracle 12c 설치

Oracle 12c 설치

Silent Installation 방식이며 OFA(Optimal Flexible Architecture) 를 따른다.

환경

  • CentOS 7 64bit
  • Memory 8GB
  • Swap 16GB (Swap must be enabled double the size of RAM)
  • Storage Size 40GB

호스트네임 변경

호스트 네임 변경
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hostnamectl set-hostname oraserv1
hostnamectl set-hostname oraserv1 --static
hostnamectl set-hostname "Server1 of Oracle Database" --pretty
hostnamectl set-hostname oraserv1 --transient

 

계정생성

계정, 그룹 생성
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groupadd -g 500 oinstall
groupadd -g 501 dba
groupadd -g 502 oper
groupadd -g 503 backupdba
groupadd -g 504 dgdba
groupadd -g 505 kmdba
groupadd -g 506 asmdba
groupadd -g 507 asmoper
groupadd -g 508 asmadmin
 
useradd -u 500 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba oracle

 

의존성 패키지 설치

의존성 패키지 설치
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yum install compat-libcap1-1.10 compat-libstdc++-* libstdc++-devel-* sysstat-10.1.5* gcc-4.* gcc-c++-4.* ksh* glibc-devel-* libaio-* libaio-devel-*

 

OFA 디렉토리 생성

OFA 디렉토리 생성
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mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1
mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
chown oracle:oinstall -R /u01

 

sysctl.conf

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fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
# It is recommended to have a minimum of 256 as value for every 4MB of RAM you have.
# So for 8GB RAM = 2048 * 4MB = 2048 * 256 = 524288
fs.file-max = 6815744
# It sets the maximum number of shared memory segments that server can handle.
# As Oracle recommends the value should be at least 4096,
# it says that we cannot find more than 4096 number of shared memory segments at any instance on the server.
# Note that SHMMNI value is in numbers.
#
# No change it should be 4096. It must be increased if you have more than at least one fourth (1024) Oracle Databases running on the server. Which we never recommend.
kernel.shmmni = 4096
# It defines the total amount of shared memory PAGES that can be used system-wide.
# It means that to the use all the physical memory this value should be less than or equal to total physical memory size.
# For DBA's, it means that sum of all SGA sizes on the server should be less than or equal to SHMALL value.
# Note that SHMALL value is a number of pages.
#
# If you want the maximum size of SGA on this server to be 5GB, then this parameter value should be 5*1024*1024*1024 = 5368709120 bytes. This, in turn, says that you should not have any database with more than 5GB of SGA. But you can have multiple databases with each 5GB of SGA or even less. This is the fact why Oracle recommends to have this value more than half of the memory to utilize it for SGA(s).
#
# By chance, if your SGA size is more than 5GB say it is 7GB then 2 shared memory areas will be allocated to SGA with one of 5GB and two of 2GB sizes, which doesn's perform well.
kernel.shmmax = 4294967296
 
#  It defines the total amount of shared memory PAGES that can be used system-wide. It means that to the use all the physical memory this value should be less than or equal to total physical memory size. For DBA's, it means that sum of all SGA sizes on the server should be less than or equal to SHMALL value. Note that SHMALL value is a number of pages.
# By default the page size on Linux is 4KB. The total size of RAM is 8GB. Let us leave at least 1GB of RAM for Linux kernel to run, with which consider 7GB can be used for Oracle Databases. Now value of SHMALL can be:
#
# (7*1024*1024)KB/4KB = 1835008
kernel.shmall = 1835008
 
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
 
# This parameter defines the range of port numbers that system can use for programs which want to connect to the server without a specific port number.
#
# Now, it makes sense if you have come across somebody advising you not to use port numbers for listener beyond 9000. Also, just look back to documents on OEM installation, Oracle uses and advises all the default port numbers less than 9000.
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
 
# This parameter defines the default  and maximum RECEIVE socket memory through TCP.
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
 
# This parameter defines the default  and maximum SEND socket memory through TCP.
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

 

/etc/security/limits.conf

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# http://www.tecmint.com/setting-up-prerequisites-for-oracle-12c-installation/
oracle          soft    nofile  1024
oracle          hard    nofile  65536
oracle          soft    nproc   2047
oracle          hard    nproc   16384
oracle          soft    stack   10240
oracle          hard    stack   32768

 

/etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf

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*          -    nproc     16384
root       soft    nproc     unlimited

 

/etc/oraInst.loc

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]# vim /etc/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/u01/app/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall
 
]# chown oracle:oinstall /etc/oraInst.loc
]# chmod 664 /etc/oraInst.loc

 

oracle 계정으로 로그인 한후에 Oracle 12c 바이너리 설치 파일을 다음과 같이 압축 해제.

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]$ mkdir -p orainst/12.1.0.2
]$ cp *.zip orainst/12.1.0.2/
]$ cd orainst/12.1.0.2
]$ unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip
]$ unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip

 

Silent 설치를 위한 파일 작성

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$ cd orainst/12.1.0.2/database
$ cp response/db_install.rsp inst.rsp
$ vim inst.rsp
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v12.1.0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oraserv1
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oper
oracle.install.db.BACKUPDBA_GROUP=backupdba
oracle.install.db.DGDBA_GROUP=dgdba
oracle.install.db.KMDBA_GROUP=kmdba
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

 

Silent 설치 파일 설행.

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[oracle@oraserv1 database]$ ./runInstaller -ignoreSysPrereqs -force -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/orainst/12.1.0.2/database/inst.rsp
[oracle@oraserv1 database]$ Oracle Database 12c의 설치을(를) 성공했습니다.
자세한 내용은 '/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2017-02-14_11-04-17PM.log'을(를) 확인하십시오.
 
루트 사용자로 다음 스크립트를 실행합니다.
1. /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/root.sh
 
 
 
Successfully Setup Software.
 
[oracle@oraserv1 database]$

설치 시간은 시스템에 따라 다르지만 설치하는 동안에 java 프로세스가 동작한다. 그리고 설치가 성공하면 위와같이 메시지가 나온다.

oracle bashrc 설정.

.bashrc of Oracle
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export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export ADR_BASE=$ORACLE_BASE/diag
export ORACLE_SID=o12c
 
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib64:$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib;
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
 
export PS1='[\h:\u:\W:${ORACLE_SID}]$ '
 
alias cdob='cd $ORACLE_BASE'
alias cdoh='cd $ORACLE_HOME'
alias tns='cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin'
alias envo='env | grep ORACLE'
 
umask 022
 
envo

 

Create Database

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#]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
#]$ cp init.org inito12c.ora
db_name='o12c'
memory_target=1G
memory_max_target=1G
processes = 200
audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
audit_trail ='db'
db_block_size=8192
db_domain=''
db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'
open_cursors=499
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
undo_management='AUTO'
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
# You may want to ensure that control files are created on separate physical
# devices
control_files = (/u01/dbfile/o12c/control01.ctl, /u02/dbfile/o12c/control02.ctl)
job_queue_processes=10
fast_start_mttr_target=500
 
compatible ='11.2.0'

inito12c.ora 를 위와 같이 작성하고 다음과 같이 디렉토리를 작성한다.

create directory for Creating database
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$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump
$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
$ mkdir -p /u01/dbfile/o12c
$ mkdir -p /u02/dbfile/o12c
$ mkdir -p /u01/oraredo/o12c
$ mkdir -p /u02/oraredo/o12c
# chown -R oracle:dba /u01
# chown -R oracle:dba /u02

다음과 같은 내용으로 credb.sql 파일로 작성한다.

Create database SQL
Oracle PL/SQL
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CREATE DATABASE o12c
  MAXLOGFILES 16
  MAXLOGMEMBERS 4
  MAXDATAFILES 1024
  MAXINSTANCES 1
  MAXLOGHISTORY 680
  CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
DATAFILE
'/u01/dbfile/o12c/system01.dbf'
   SIZE 500M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1 DATAFILE
'/u01/dbfile/o12c/undotbs01.dbf'
  SIZE 800M
SYSAUX DATAFILE
'/u01/dbfile/o12c/sysaux01.dbf'
  SIZE 500M
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE
'/u01/dbfile/o12c/temp01.dbf'
  SIZE 500M
DEFAULT TABLESPACE USERS DATAFILE
'/u01/dbfile/o12c/users01.dbf'
  SIZE 20M
LOGFILE GROUP 1
       ('/u01/oraredo/o12c/redo01a.rdo',
       '/u02/oraredo/o12c/redo01b.rdo') SIZE 50M,
       GROUP 2
       ('/u01/oraredo/o12c/redo02a.rdo',
       '/u02/oraredo/o12c/redo02b.rdo') SIZE 50M,
       GROUP 3
       ('/u01/oraredo/o12c/redo03a.rdo',
       '/u02/oraredo/o12c/redo03b.rdo') SIZE 50M
USER sys    IDENTIFIED BY foo
USER system IDENTIFIED BY foo;

oracle 을 nomount 로 시작시킨다. 그리고 위 credb.sql 를 실행한다.

Oracle PL/SQL
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$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup nomount;
SQL> @credb.sql
Database created.

Create a Data Dictionary

Oracle PL/SQL
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SQL> show user
USER is "SYS"
 
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
 
SQL> connect system/foo
SQL> @?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld

Configure Listener

listener.ora
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]$ vim $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
LISTENER =
  (ADDRESS_LIST=
        (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oraserv1)(PORT=1521)))
 
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
   (SID_LIST=
        (SID_DESC=
          (GLOBAL_DBNAME=o12c)
          (SID_NAME=o12c)
          (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1)
 
        )
       )

외부인증을 위한 패스워드 파일을 생성한다. 이것을 생성하지 않으면 외부로부터 접속을 할때에 인증정보가 아무리 맞아도 ora-01017 메시지를 내보낸다. 다음과 같이 패스워드 파일을 생성해 준다.

패스워드 파일 생성
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orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID password=패스워드 entries=20

listener 를 시작.

lsnrctl start
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[oracle@oraserv1 admin]$ lsnrctl start
 
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 17-FEB-2017 21:14:07
 
Copyright (c) 1991, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
 
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oraserv1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oraserv1)(PORT=1521)))
 
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production
Start Date                17-FEB-2017 21:14:07
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oraserv1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oraserv1)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully

EM Database Express 12c 활성화.

Check DB Express 12c port
Oracle PL/SQL
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SQL> select dbms_xdb_config.gethttpport() from dual;
 
DBMS_XDB_CONFIG.GETHTTPPORT()
----------------------
     0
 
SQL> exec dbms_xdb_config.sethttpport(8080);
 
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
 
SQL> select dbms_xdb.gethttpport() from dual;
 
DBMS_XDB.GETHTTPPORT()
----------------------
  8080

lsnrctl status 에서 8080 포트가 보이면 정상. http://ip:8080/em 으로 접속해서 로그인 화면 나오면 정상입니다.